History Of Technology in Education

  Torpedo (1864) *Giovanni Luppis creates the self-propelled uncderwater missile. *"Damn the torpedoes.... Captain Crayton, go ahead! Joucett, full speed!" Admiral David Farragut, Battle of Mobile Bay, 1864 "Torpedoes are examined on the derk of a target ship after a test firing from HMS Snapper in 1940 The British 7,000-ton steamer Beluchistan sank after this torpedo strike by the German U-boat U-68 in 1942".                         NDespite its notoriety as a naval weapon, the fir modem torpedo was developed in landincked Austa or rather by a retired army officer in what was then the Austrian Empire stretching down to the Adriatic Sea 1864 Giovanni Luppis (1813-1875) presented his idea of using small, unmanned boats carrying explosives against enemy ships to Robert Whitehead (1823 1905), an English engineer producing stram engines for the Austrian Navy Similar devices (spar torpedoes) were also employed in the American C...

  Ice-making Machine(1865) *Lowe revolutionizes food storage. ... it is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we welcome proof of [Lowe's] genius." (The manufacturing of ice was a major commercial activity until the advent of electric refrigerators)           Thaddeus Lowe (1831-1913) did not only invent the mble ke making machine, he also made waves in eronautics, engineering, and chemistry In the course of his work on the cooling properties of compressed gases, he became interested in carbon dioxide specifically and, putting his research into practice, developed the "Compression Ice Machine" in 1865.After the American Civil War, Lowe began extensive research on the properties of gas Refrigeration is essentially a process whereby heat is renoved from an enclosed space and ejected somewhere else.            Professor Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institution systems work by using a chemical, usually gas, to remove the heat. As ...

  Single-Lens Reflex Camera (1861) # Sutton ushers in modern photography with a new camera .             Single lens reflex camera                    The modern era of photography began in 1861 with the invention and patenting of the world's first single- lens reflex (SLR) camera by photography expert Thomas Sutton (1819-1875). His prototype led to the creation of the first batch of SLR cameras in 1884, with a design that is still in use today. Sutton also assisted James Clerk Maxwell in his successful demonstration of color photography in 1861.                                   In non-SLR cameras, light enters the viewfinder at a slightly different angle to that at which it enters the lens, so the resulting photo can appear different to the intended composition. in SLR cameras, a mirror is positioned in front of the le...

  Color Photography(1861)  *Maxwell develops the trichromatic process for producing color images. *Maxwell's composite image of three photographs shows tartan ribbon through filters of different colors. British mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a giant of nineteenth- century science. Best known for his Maxwell equations, which were the best insight into electromagnetism of their day, his interests also included Saturn's rings and the human perception of color. It was this latter interest that led to the first color photograph in 1861. In the manner of a true showman, Maxwell revealed his photograph of a tartan ribbon at the Royal Institution in London. His studies of human vision, including the condition of color blindness, had led him to conclude that color images were possible using a " trichromatic process ." He had arranged for his tartan ribbon to be shot by professional photographer Thomas Sutton, the inventor of the single-lens ref...

             Air Conditioning (1902)                 Carrier makes the world a much cooler place to live. The ancient Romans tried to keep their buildings cool during hot weather by pumping water from aqueducts through the wall of their houses, whereas in south-east Asia people hung wet grass mats over the windows to lower the temperature of air inside. Modern air conditioning, which arrived in 1902s, is the continuation of this rudimentary principle.  (1876-1950) of Buffalo, New York, developed the fundamental scientific theories of air conditioning. His first system was designed for use in a printing plant. Changes in the temperature and humidity of the plant were causing the ink nozzle to be out of line, which made color printing problematic. Carrier was assigned with the task of fixing this problem. His early system, which made use of spraying nozzles to cool and dehumidify the air, was large, extremely...

                             Electrical Generator (1869) Gramme fulfills the dream of plentiful, cheaply produced electricity. Inventor...             The dynamos produced   by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in the 1830s were little more than laboratory curiosities.It was Belgian industrialist and electrical engineer, Zenobe Theophile Gramme (1826- 1901) , who developed in 1869, the first high-voltage, smooth,direct-current generator. Information... In 1871 Gramme and the French engineer Hippolyte Fontaine entered a manufacturing partnership. In 1873 the pair discovered that their dynamo machine was reversible and could thus be converted in to an electrical motor. Their 1873 exhibit at the Vienna Exposition convinced the world of the ease of generating electricity and conversely that electricity could be reliably utilized to do heavy work.      ...

                          X-ray Photography (1895)          Rontgen discovers how to photograph inside the bodies of living things. Introduction                                                           An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic   radiation with a very short wavelength, in the range 10   to 0.01 nanometers. German physicist Wilhelm  Rontgen (1845-1923)  was experimenting with   cathode rays in 1895 when he realized that these   produced another form of radiation when they hit the   glass of the cathode ray tube. He called them X-rays, as   ‘X’ stands for the unknown in mathematics. Rontgen   discovered that X-rays passed through soft materials,   suc...

Telephone (1876)   Bell Propels communications in to the modern era.        Sixteen years after inventing the telephone, Bell makes the first call from New York to Chicago in 1892.   Technical illustrations of telephone components designed by both Bell and Thomas Edison.     Introduction               In the 1870s Edinburgh born Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)  was working on a way to improve the telegraph. Although this was well   established as a mean of long-distance communication, the fact that only   one message could be sent at any one time mode it extremely limited.   Bell`s original idea was to develop a “harmonic telegram”, using multiple   pitches to transmit more than one message at the same time. While   working on this, an idea came to him for a more elaborate system – one   that could transmit not only the dots and dashes of morse c...

                      Ballistic Missile (1938)       Doreen initiates Nazi Germany’s rocket program.       Inventor -   Walter Dornbeger(1895-1980)                      “The third day of October, 1942, is the first of a new era in transportation that of space travel”.     Introduction                                                                                  The history of rocketry dates back to around 900 C.E, but the use of rockets as highly destructive missiles able to carry large payloads of explosives was not feasible until the late 1930s. War has been catalyst for ma...

                                       BY the end of the nineteenth century, the straight, ’’Cutthroat’’ razor was the common shaving tool. These has dangerous sharp blade that required skill to use without cutting the skin. It also had to constantly sharpended to remain effective.                                                                     The first safety razor with a guard along the razor’s edge was introduced in #1875 by the ‘’KAMPFE BROTHERS’’, but the blade still needed frequent sharpening.                                                             ...

Padlock (1720)                                         Polhem devises a portable lock that effectively resists tampering.  Introduction                  Primitive padlocks have been come around since medieval times, but their design left them prone to force or picking. In 1720, Swedish inventor CHRISTOPHER POLHEM (1661-1751) conjured up a lock that was much more resistant to the dexterous hands of lockpickers.  Information                                            Polhem was one of the most gifted mechanical engineer of his day. After study mathematics, physics and engineering at Uppsala University, he set up a clock repairer. His ingenuity was soon spotted by important patrons, includin...

                                                                                                        CREDIT CARD(1950)                                         MC Namara derives a new way to pay bills.       Introduction                                        The concept of credit is not a new one. The word ‘credit comes from the latin word CREDO, that means believe or trust, and we know that the Egyptians were using credit methods over 3000 years ago.     Information          ...

                                          Safety Match It is the very common thing in human life.Safety Match was developed in 1844 by the swedish chemistry professor GUSTAF - ERIK- PASCH(1788-1862). He replaced the dangerous white phosphorous in the flammable mixture coating the Match head with nontoxic red phosphorus, which was far less flammable. After obtaining a patentfor the new safety Match , pasch manufactured them in a factory in Stockholm by high costs. Another swede John -Edvard-Lundstron ,improve the pasch's safety match by placing the red phosphorus on sandpaper on the outer edge of the box,and in 1855 he obtained a patent for his new safety match.This model was manufactured on a large scale and Lundstrom,along with his brother Carl ...

                               HARD DISK DRIVE “THE 1 ST MAGNETIC SLURRY COATING ON THE 1 ST DISK DRIVE WAS POURED ……FROM DIXIE CUP”                            Johnson and IBM gives computer users direct access to their data ……  Introduction                                                               For most of the twentieth century, the primary medium for data entry, storage and processing was the punched card.in the 1930’s IBM hired teachers and inventor Reynold B. Johnson(1906-1998) to develop the IBM 805 test-scoring machine to convert pencil marks on forms in to punched cards.20 Years later, Johnson Led the team that developed the technology that made the vast majori...