Torpedo (1864)

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  Torpedo (1864) *Giovanni Luppis creates the self-propelled uncderwater missile. *"Damn the torpedoes.... Captain Crayton, go ahead! Joucett, full speed!" Admiral David Farragut, Battle of Mobile Bay, 1864 "Torpedoes are examined on the derk of a target ship after a test firing from HMS Snapper in 1940 The British 7,000-ton steamer Beluchistan sank after this torpedo strike by the German U-boat U-68 in 1942".                         NDespite its notoriety as a naval weapon, the fir modem torpedo was developed in landincked Austa or rather by a retired army officer in what was then the Austrian Empire stretching down to the Adriatic Sea 1864 Giovanni Luppis (1813-1875) presented his idea of using small, unmanned boats carrying explosives against enemy ships to Robert Whitehead (1823 1905), an English engineer producing stram engines for the Austrian Navy Similar devices (spar torpedoes) were also employed in the American Civil War taking place at the same time. Howe
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Ice-making Machine(1865)

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 Ice-making Machine(1865)


*Lowe revolutionizes food storage.


... it is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we welcome proof of [Lowe's] genius."

(The manufacturing of ice was a major commercial activity until the advent of electric refrigerators)


          Thaddeus Lowe (1831-1913) did not only invent the mble ke making machine, he also made waves in eronautics, engineering, and chemistry In the course of his work on the cooling properties of compressed gases, he became interested in carbon dioxide specifically and, putting his research into practice, developed the "Compression Ice Machine" in 1865.After the American Civil War, Lowe began extensive research on the properties of gas Refrigeration is essentially a process whereby heat is renoved from an enclosed space and ejected somewhere else.



           Professor Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institution systems work by using a chemical, usually gas, to remove the heat. As the gas expands heat is turned into kinetic energy, cooling the air.


In 1869 Lowe and other investors purchased an old steamship equipped with refrigeration units and began shipping fresh fruit and meat from Texas to New York. The business failed, largely due to the group's lack of shipping knowledge and the public's skepticism about eating meat that had been so long out of the packing house Despite this setback refrigeration became massively popular and has revolutionized the way the world preserves food.

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